Targeted Solvatochromic Fluorescent Probes for Imaging Lipid Order in Organelles under Oxidative and Mechanical Stress

Biomembranes constitute a basis for all compartments of live cells, and therefore, the monitoring their lipid organization is essential understanding cell status activity. However, sensing imaging specifically in different organelles cells remain challenging. Here, we designed an array solvatochromic probes based on Nile Red bearing ligands specific targeting endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, plasma membranes, droplets. These polarity-sensitive detected variations order by changing emission maximum, as evidenced fluorescence spectroscopy model membranes. In colocalization microscopy experiments with reference organelle markers, they exhibited good selectivity. Using two-color microscopy, new enabled local polarity cells. To exclude biased effect probe design sensitivity to membrane properties, calibrated membranes under microscope, which first quantitative description each interest. Cholesterol extraction/enrichment confirmed capacity sense order, revealing that poor cholesterol are particularly affected its enrichment. The also revealed oxidative mechanical stresses produced changes were characteristic organelle, mitochondria lysosomes being stress sensitive. powerful toolbox response physical chemical stimuli at level individual organelles, remains underexplored direction cellular research.